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<?php

/**
 * Taxonomy API: WP_Term_Query class.
 *
 * @package WordPress
 * @subpackage Taxonomy
 * @since 4.6.0
 */

/**
 * Class used for querying terms.
 *
 * @since 4.6.0
 *
 * @see WP_Term_Query::__construct() for accepted arguments.
 */
#[AllowDynamicProperties]
class WP_Term_Query {

	/**
	 * SQL string used to perform database query.
	 *
	 * @since 4.6.0
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $request;

	/**
	 * Metadata query container.
	 *
	 * @since 4.6.0
	 * @var WP_Meta_Query A meta query instance.
	 */
	public $meta_query = false;

	/**
	 * Metadata query clauses.
	 *
	 * @since 4.6.0
	 * @var array
	 */
	protected $meta_query_clauses;

	/**
	 * SQL query clauses.
	 *
	 * @since 4.6.0
	 * @var array
	 */
	protected $sql_clauses = array(
		'select'  => '',
		'from'    => '',
		'where'   => array(),
		'orderby' => '',
		'limits'  => '',
	);

	/**
	 * Query vars set by the user.
	 *
	 * @since 4.6.0
	 * @var array
	 */
	public $query_vars;

	/**
	 * Default values for query vars.
	 *
	 * @since 4.6.0
	 * @var array
	 */
	public $query_var_defaults;

	/**
	 * List of terms located by the query.
	 *
	 * @since 4.6.0
	 * @var array
	 */
	public $terms;

	/**
	 * Constructor.
	 *
	 * Sets up the term query, based on the query vars passed.
	 *
	 * @since 4.6.0
	 * @since 4.6.0 Introduced 'term_taxonomy_id' parameter.
	 * @since 4.7.0 Introduced 'object_ids' parameter.
	 * @since 4.9.0 Added 'slug__in' support for 'orderby'.
	 * @since 5.1.0 Introduced the 'meta_compare_key' parameter.
	 * @since 5.3.0 Introduced the 'meta_type_key' parameter.
	 *
	 * @param string|array $query {
	 *     Optional. Array or query string of term query parameters. Default empty.
	 *
	 *     @type string|string[] $taxonomy               Taxonomy name, or array of taxonomy names, to which results
	 *                                                   should be limited.
	 *     @type int|int[]       $object_ids             Object ID, or array of object IDs. Results will be
	 *                                                   limited to terms associated with these objects.
	 *     @type string          $orderby                Field(s) to order terms by. Accepts:
	 *                                                   - Term fields ('name', 'slug', 'term_group', 'term_id', 'id',
	 *                                                     'description', 'parent', 'term_order'). Unless `$object_ids`
	 *                                                     is not empty, 'term_order' is treated the same as 'term_id'.
	 *                                                   - 'count' to use the number of objects associated with the term.
	 *                                                   - 'include' to match the 'order' of the `$include` param.
	 *                                                   - 'slug__in' to match the 'order' of the `$slug` param.
	 *                                                   - 'meta_value'
	 *                                                   - 'meta_value_num'.
	 *                                                   - The value of `$meta_key`.
	 *                                                   - The array keys of `$meta_query`.
	 *                                                   - 'none' to omit the ORDER BY clause.
	 *                                                   Default 'name'.
	 *     @type string          $order                  Whether to order terms in ascending or descending order.
	 *                                                   Accepts 'ASC' (ascending) or 'DESC' (descending).
	 *                                                   Default 'ASC'.
	 *     @type bool|int        $hide_empty             Whether to hide terms not assigned to any posts. Accepts
	 *                                                   1|true or 0|false. Default 1|true.
	 *     @type int[]|string    $include                Array or comma/space-separated string of term IDs to include.
	 *                                                   Default empty array.
	 *     @type int[]|string    $exclude                Array or comma/space-separated string of term IDs to exclude.
	 *                                                   If `$include` is non-empty, `$exclude` is ignored.
	 *                                                   Default empty array.
	 *     @type int[]|string    $exclude_tree           Array or comma/space-separated string of term IDs to exclude
	 *                                                   along with all of their descendant terms. If `$include` is
	 *                                                   non-empty, `$exclude_tree` is ignored. Default empty array.
	 *     @type int|string      $number                 Maximum number of terms to return. Accepts ''|0 (all) or any
	 *                                                   positive number. Default ''|0 (all). Note that `$number` may
	 *                                                   not return accurate results when coupled with `$object_ids`.
	 *                                                   See #41796 for details.
	 *     @type int             $offset                 The number by which to offset the terms query. Default empty.
	 *     @type string          $fields                 Term fields to query for. Accepts:
	 *                                                   - 'all' Returns an array of complete term objects (`WP_Term[]`).
	 *                                                   - 'all_with_object_id' Returns an array of term objects
	 *                                                     with the 'object_id' param (`WP_Term[]`). Works only
	 *                                                     when the `$object_ids` parameter is populated.
	 *                                                   - 'ids' Returns an array of term IDs (`int[]`).
	 *                                                   - 'tt_ids' Returns an array of term taxonomy IDs (`int[]`).
	 *                                                   - 'names' Returns an array of term names (`string[]`).
	 *                                                   - 'slugs' Returns an array of term slugs (`string[]`).
	 *                                                   - 'count' Returns the number of matching terms (`int`).
	 *                                                   - 'id=>parent' Returns an associative array of parent term IDs,
	 *                                                      keyed by term ID (`int[]`).
	 *                                                   - 'id=>name' Returns an associative array of term names,
	 *                                                      keyed by term ID (`string[]`).
	 *                                                   - 'id=>slug' Returns an associative array of term slugs,
	 *                                                      keyed by term ID (`string[]`).
	 *                                                   Default 'all'.
	 *     @type bool            $count                  Whether to return a term count. If true, will take precedence
	 *                                                   over `$fields`. Default false.
	 *     @type string|string[] $name                   Name or array of names to return term(s) for.
	 *                                                   Default empty.
	 *     @type string|string[] $slug                   Slug or array of slugs to return term(s) for.
	 *                                                   Default empty.
	 *     @type int|int[]       $term_taxonomy_id       Term taxonomy ID, or array of term taxonomy IDs,
	 *                                                   to match when querying terms.
	 *     @type bool            $hierarchical           Whether to include terms that have non-empty descendants
	 *                                                   (even if `$hide_empty` is set to true). Default true.
	 *     @type string          $search                 Search criteria to match terms. Will be SQL-formatted with
	 *                                                   wildcards before and after. Default empty.
	 *     @type string          $name__like             Retrieve terms with criteria by which a term is LIKE
	 *                                                   `$name__like`. Default empty.
	 *     @type string          $description__like      Retrieve terms where the description is LIKE
	 *                                                   `$description__like`. Default empty.
	 *     @type bool            $pad_counts             Whether to pad the quantity of a term's children in the
	 *                                                   quantity of each term's "count" object variable.
	 *                                                   Default false.
	 *     @type string          $get                    Whether to return terms regardless of ancestry or whether the
	 *                                                   terms are empty. Accepts 'all' or '' (disabled).
	 *                                                   Default ''.
	 *     @type int             $child_of               Term ID to retrieve child terms of. If multiple taxonomies
	 *                                                   are passed, `$child_of` is ignored. Default 0.
	 *     @type int             $parent                 Parent term ID to retrieve direct-child terms of.
	 *                                                   Default empty.
	 *     @type bool            $childless              True to limit results to terms that have no children.
	 *                                                   This parameter has no effect on non-hierarchical taxonomies.
	 *                                                   Default false.
	 *     @type string          $cache_domain           Unique cache key to be produced when this query is stored in
	 *                                                   an object cache. Default 'core'.
	 *     @type bool            $update_term_meta_cache Whether to prime meta caches for matched terms. Default true.
	 *     @type string|string[] $meta_key               Meta key or keys to filter by.
	 *     @type string|string[] $meta_value             Meta value or values to filter by.
	 *     @type string          $meta_compare           MySQL operator used for comparing the meta value.
	 *                                                   See WP_Meta_Query::__construct() for accepted values and default value.
	 *     @type string          $meta_compare_key       MySQL operator used for comparing the meta key.
	 *                                                   See WP_Meta_Query::__construct() for accepted values and default value.
	 *     @type string          $meta_type              MySQL data type that the meta_value column will be CAST to for comparisons.
	 *                                                   See WP_Meta_Query::__construct() for accepted values and default value.
	 *     @type string          $meta_type_key          MySQL data type that the meta_key column will be CAST to for comparisons.
	 *                                                   See WP_Meta_Query::__construct() for accepted values and default value.
	 *     @type array           $meta_query             An associative array of WP_Meta_Query arguments.
	 *                                                   See WP_Meta_Query::__construct() for accepted values.
	 * }
	 */
	public function __construct( $query = '' ) {
		$this->query_var_defaults = array(
			'taxonomy'               => null,
			'object_ids'             => null,
			'orderby'                => 'name',
			'order'                  => 'ASC',
			'hide_empty'             => true,
			'include'                => array(),
			'exclude'                => array(),
			'exclude_tree'           => array(),
			'number'                 => '',
			'offset'                 => '',
			'fields'                 => 'all',
			'count'                  => false,
			'name'                   => '',
			'slug'                   => '',
			'term_taxonomy_id'       => '',
			'hierarchical'           => true,
			'search'                 => '',
			'name__like'             => '',
			'description__like'      => '',
			'pad_counts'             => false,
			'get'                    => '',
			'child_of'               => 0,
			'parent'                 => '',
			'childless'              => false,
			'cache_domain'           => 'core',
			'update_term_meta_cache' => true,
			'meta_query'             => '',
			'meta_key'               => '',
			'meta_value'             => '',
			'meta_type'              => '',
			'meta_compare'           => '',
		);

		if ( ! empty( $query ) ) {
			$this->query( $query );
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Parse arguments passed to the term query with default query parameters.
	 *
	 * @since 4.6.0
	 *
	 * @param string|array $query WP_Term_Query arguments. See WP_Term_Query::__construct()
	 */
	public function parse_query( $query = '' ) {
		if ( empty( $query ) ) {
			$query = $this->query_vars;
		}

		$taxonomies = isset( $query['taxonomy'] ) ? (array) $query['taxonomy'] : null;

		/**
		 * Filters the terms query default arguments.
		 *
		 * Use {@see 'get_terms_args'} to filter the passed arguments.
		 *
		 * @since 4.4.0
		 *
		 * @param array    $defaults   An array of default get_terms() arguments.
		 * @param string[] $taxonomies An array of taxonomy names.
		 */
		$this->query_var_defaults = apply_filters( 'get_terms_defaults', $this->query_var_defaults, $taxonomies );

		$query = wp_parse_args( $query, $this->query_var_defaults );

		$query['number'] = absint( $query['number'] );
		$query['offset'] = absint( $query['offset'] );

		// 'parent' overrides 'child_of'.
		if ( 0 < (int) $query['parent'] ) {
			$query['child_of'] = false;
		}

		if ( 'all' === $query['get'] ) {
			$query['childless']    = false;
			$query['child_of']     = 0;
			$query['hide_empty']   = 0;
			$query['hierarchical'] = false;
			$query['pad_counts']   = false;
		}

		$query['taxonomy'] = $taxonomies;

		$this->query_vars = $query;

		/**
		 * Fires after term query vars have been parsed.
		 *
		 * @since 4.6.0
		 *
		 * @param WP_Term_Query $query Current instance of WP_Term_Query.
		 */
		do_action( 'parse_term_query', $this );
	}

	/**
	 * Sets up the query and retrieves the results.
	 *
	 * The return type varies depending on the value passed to `$args['fields']`. See
	 * WP_Term_Query::get_terms() for details.
	 *
	 * @since 4.6.0
	 *
	 * @param string|array $query Array or URL query string of parameters.
	 * @return WP_Term[]|int[]|string[]|string Array of terms, or number of terms as numeric string
	 *                                         when 'count' is passed as a query var.
	 */
	public function query( $query ) {
		$this->query_vars = wp_parse_args( $query );
		return $this->get_terms();
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves the query results.
	 *
	 * The return type varies depending on the value passed to `$args['fields']`.
	 *
	 * The following will result in an array of `WP_Term` objects being returned:
	 *
	 *   - 'all'
	 *   - 'all_with_object_id'
	 *
	 * The following will result in a numeric string being returned:
	 *
	 *   - 'count'
	 *
	 * The following will result in an array of text strings being returned:
	 *
	 *   - 'id=>name'
	 *   - 'id=>slug'
	 *   - 'names'
	 *   - 'slugs'
	 *
	 * The following will result in an array of numeric strings being returned:
	 *
	 *   - 'id=>parent'
	 *
	 * The following will result in an array of integers being returned:
	 *
	 *   - 'ids'
	 *   - 'tt_ids'
	 *
	 * @since 4.6.0
	 *
	 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
	 *
	 * @return WP_Term[]|int[]|string[]|string Array of terms, or number of terms as numeric string
	 *                                         when 'count' is passed as a query var.
	 */
	public function get_terms() {
		global $wpdb;

		$this->parse_query( $this->query_vars );
		$args = &$this->query_vars;

		// Set up meta_query so it's available to 'pre_get_terms'.
		$this->meta_query = new WP_Meta_Query();
		$this->meta_query->parse_query_vars( $args );

		/**
		 * Fires before terms are retrieved.
		 *
		 * @since 4.6.0
		 *
		 * @param WP_Term_Query $query Current instance of WP_Term_Query (passed by reference).
		 */
		do_action_ref_array( 'pre_get_terms', array( &$this ) );

		$taxonomies = (array) $args['taxonomy'];

		// Save queries by not crawling the tree in the case of multiple taxes or a flat tax.
		$has_hierarchical_tax = false;
		if ( $taxonomies ) {
			foreach ( $taxonomies as $_tax ) {
				if ( is_taxonomy_hierarchical( $_tax ) ) {
					$has_hierarchical_tax = true;
				}
			}
		} else {
			// When no taxonomies are provided, assume we have to descend the tree.
			$has_hierarchical_tax = true;
		}

		if ( ! $has_hierarchical_tax ) {
			$args['hierarchical'] = false;
			$args['pad_counts']   = false;
		}

		// 'parent' overrides 'child_of'.
		if ( 0 < (int) $args['parent'] ) {
			$args['child_of'] = false;
		}

		if ( 'all' === $args['get'] ) {
			$args['childless']    = false;
			$args['child_of']     = 0;
			$args['hide_empty']   = 0;
			$args['hierarchical'] = false;
			$args['pad_counts']   = false;
		}

		/**
		 * Filters the terms query arguments.
		 *
		 * @since 3.1.0
		 *
		 * @param array    $args       An array of get_terms() arguments.
		 * @param string[] $taxonomies An array of taxonomy names.
		 */
		$args = apply_filters( 'get_terms_args', $args, $taxonomies );

		// Avoid the query if the queried parent/child_of term has no descendants.
		$child_of = $args['child_of'];
		$parent   = $args['parent'];

		if ( $child_of ) {
			$_parent = $child_of;
		} elseif ( $parent ) {
			$_parent = $parent;
		} else {
			$_parent = false;
		}

		if ( $_parent ) {
			$in_hierarchy = false;
			foreach ( $taxonomies as $_tax ) {
				$hierarchy = _get_term_hierarchy( $_tax );

				if ( isset( $hierarchy[ $_parent ] ) ) {
					$in_hierarchy = true;
				}
			}

			if ( ! $in_hierarchy ) {
				if ( 'count' === $args['fields'] ) {
					return 0;
				} else {
					$this->terms = array();
					return $this->terms;
				}
			}
		}

		// 'term_order' is a legal sort order only when joining the relationship table.
		$_orderby = $this->query_vars['orderby'];
		if ( 'term_order' === $_orderby && empty( $this->query_vars['object_ids'] ) ) {
			$_orderby = 'term_id';
		}

		$orderby = $this->parse_orderby( $_orderby );

		if ( $orderby ) {
			$orderby = "ORDER BY $orderby";
		}

		$order = $this->parse_order( $this->query_vars['order'] );

		if ( $taxonomies ) {
			$this->sql_clauses['where']['taxonomy'] =
				"tt.taxonomy IN ('" . implode( "', '", array_map( 'esc_sql', $taxonomies ) ) . "')";
		}

		if ( empty( $args['exclude'] ) ) {
			$args['exclude'] = array();
		}

		if ( empty( $args['include'] ) ) {
			$args['include'] = array();
		}

		$exclude      = $args['exclude'];
		$exclude_tree = $args['exclude_tree'];
		$include      = $args['include'];

		$inclusions = '';
		if ( ! empty( $include ) ) {
			$exclude      = '';
			$exclude_tree = '';
			$inclusions   = implode( ',', wp_parse_id_list( $include ) );
		}

		if ( ! empty( $inclusions ) ) {
			$this->sql_clauses['where']['inclusions'] = 't.term_id IN ( ' . $inclusions . ' )';
		}

		$exclusions = array();
		if ( ! empty( $exclude_tree ) ) {
			$exclude_tree      = wp_parse_id_list( $exclude_tree );
			$excluded_children = $exclude_tree;

			foreach ( $exclude_tree as $extrunk ) {
				$excluded_children = array_merge(
					$excluded_children,
					(array) get_terms(
						array(
							'taxonomy'   => reset( $taxonomies ),
							'child_of'   => (int) $extrunk,
							'fields'     => 'ids',
							'hide_empty' => 0,
						)
					)
				);
			}

			$exclusions = array_merge( $excluded_children, $exclusions );
		}

		if ( ! empty( $exclude ) ) {
			$exclusions = array_merge( wp_parse_id_list( $exclude ), $exclusions );
		}

		// 'childless' terms are those without an entry in the flattened term hierarchy.
		$childless = (bool) $args['childless'];
		if ( $childless ) {
			foreach ( $taxonomies as $_tax ) {
				$term_hierarchy = _get_term_hierarchy( $_tax );
				$exclusions     = array_merge( array_keys( $term_hierarchy ), $exclusions );
			}
		}

		if ( ! empty( $exclusions ) ) {
			$exclusions = 't.term_id NOT IN (' . implode( ',', array_map( 'intval', $exclusions ) ) . ')';
		} else {
			$exclusions = '';
		}

		/**
		 * Filters the terms to exclude from the terms query.
		 *
		 * @since 2.3.0
		 *
		 * @param string   $exclusions `NOT IN` clause of the terms query.
		 * @param array    $args       An array of terms query arguments.
		 * @param string[] $taxonomies An array of taxonomy names.
		 */
		$exclusions = apply_filters( 'list_terms_exclusions', $exclusions, $args, $taxonomies );

		if ( ! empty( $exclusions ) ) {
			// Strip leading 'AND'. Must do string manipulation here for backward compatibility with filter.
			$this->sql_clauses['where']['exclusions'] = preg_replace( '/^\s*AND\s*/', '', $exclusions );
		}

		if ( '' === $args['name'] ) {
			$args['name'] = array();
		} else {
			$args['name'] = (array) $args['name'];
		}

		if ( ! empty( $args['name'] ) ) {
			$names = $args['name'];

			foreach ( $names as &$_name ) {
				// `sanitize_term_field()` returns slashed data.
				$_name = stripslashes( sanitize_term_field( 'name', $_name, 0, reset( $taxonomies ), 'db' ) );
			}

			$this->sql_clauses['where']['name'] = "t.name IN ('" . implode( "', '", array_map( 'esc_sql', $names ) ) . "')";
		}

		if ( '' === $args['slug'] ) {
			$args['slug'] = array();
		} else {
			$args['slug'] = array_map( 'sanitize_title', (array) $args['slug'] );
		}

		if ( ! empty( $args['slug'] ) ) {
			$slug = implode( "', '", $args['slug'] );

			$this->sql_clauses['where']['slug'] = "t.slug IN ('" . $slug . "')";
		}

		if ( '' === $args['term_taxonomy_id'] ) {
			$args['term_taxonomy_id'] = array();
		} else {
			$args['term_taxonomy_id'] = array_map( 'intval', (array) $args['term_taxonomy_id'] );
		}

		if ( ! empty( $args['term_taxonomy_id'] ) ) {
			$tt_ids = implode( ',', $args['term_taxonomy_id'] );

			$this->sql_clauses['where']['term_taxonomy_id'] = "tt.term_taxonomy_id IN ({$tt_ids})";
		}

		if ( ! empty( $args['name__like'] ) ) {
			$this->sql_clauses['where']['name__like'] = $wpdb->prepare(
				't.name LIKE %s',
				'%' . $wpdb->esc_like( $args['name__like'] ) . '%'
			);
		}

		if ( ! empty( $args['description__like'] ) ) {
			$this->sql_clauses['where']['description__like'] = $wpdb->prepare(
				'tt.description LIKE %s',
				'%' . $wpdb->esc_like( $args['description__like'] ) . '%'
			);
		}

		if ( '' === $args['object_ids'] ) {
			$args['object_ids'] = array();
		} else {
			$args['object_ids'] = array_map( 'intval', (array) $args['object_ids'] );
		}

		if ( ! empty( $args['object_ids'] ) ) {
			$object_ids = implode( ', ', $args['object_ids'] );

			$this->sql_clauses['where']['object_ids'] = "tr.object_id IN ($object_ids)";
		}

		/*
		 * When querying for object relationships, the 'count > 0' check
		 * added by 'hide_empty' is superfluous.
		 */
		if ( ! empty( $args['object_ids'] ) ) {
			$args['hide_empty'] = false;
		}

		if ( '' !== $parent ) {
			$parent                               = (int) $parent;
			$this->sql_clauses['where']['parent'] = "tt.parent = '$parent'";
		}

		$hierarchical = $args['hierarchical'];
		if ( 'count' === $args['fields'] ) {
			$hierarchical = false;
		}
		if ( $args['hide_empty'] && ! $hierarchical ) {
			$this->sql_clauses['where']['count'] = 'tt.count > 0';
		}

		$number = $args['number'];
		$offset = $args['offset'];

		// Don't limit the query results when we have to descend the family tree.
		if ( $number && ! $hierarchical && ! $child_of && '' === $parent ) {
			if ( $offset ) {
				$limits = 'LIMIT ' . $offset . ',' . $number;
			} else {
				$limits = 'LIMIT ' . $number;
			}
		} else {
			$limits = '';
		}

		if ( ! empty( $args['search'] ) ) {
			$this->sql_clauses['where']['search'] = $this->get_search_sql( $args['search'] );
		}

		// Meta query support.
		$join     = '';
		$distinct = '';

		// Reparse meta_query query_vars, in case they were modified in a 'pre_get_terms' callback.
		$this->meta_query->parse_query_vars( $this->query_vars );
		$mq_sql       = $this->meta_query->get_sql( 'term', 't', 'term_id' );
		$meta_clauses = $this->meta_query->get_clauses();

		if ( ! empty( $meta_clauses ) ) {
			$join .= $mq_sql['join'];

			// Strip leading 'AND'.
			$this->sql_clauses['where']['meta_query'] = preg_replace( '/^\s*AND\s*/', '', $mq_sql['where'] );

			$distinct .= 'DISTINCT';

		}

		$selects = array();
		switch ( $args['fields'] ) {
			case 'count':
				$orderby = '';
				$order   = '';
				$selects = array( 'COUNT(*)' );
				break;
			default:
				$selects = array( 't.term_id' );
				if ( 'all_with_object_id' === $args['fields'] && ! empty( $args['object_ids'] ) ) {
					$selects[] = 'tr.object_id';
				}
				break;
		}

		$_fields = $args['fields'];

		/**
		 * Filters the fields to select in the terms query.
		 *
		 * Field lists modified using this filter will only modify the term fields returned
		 * by the function when the `$fields` parameter set to 'count' or 'all'. In all other
		 * cases, the term fields in the results array will be determined by the `$fields`
		 * parameter alone.
		 *
		 * Use of this filter can result in unpredictable behavior, and is not recommended.
		 *
		 * @since 2.8.0
		 *
		 * @param string[] $selects    An array of fields to select for the terms query.
		 * @param array    $args       An array of term query arguments.
		 * @param string[] $taxonomies An array of taxonomy names.
		 */
		$fields = implode( ', ', apply_filters( 'get_terms_fields', $selects, $args, $taxonomies ) );

		$join .= " INNER JOIN $wpdb->term_taxonomy AS tt ON t.term_id = tt.term_id";

		if ( ! empty( $this->query_vars['object_ids'] ) ) {
			$join    .= " INNER JOIN {$wpdb->term_relationships} AS tr ON tr.term_taxonomy_id = tt.term_taxonomy_id";
			$distinct = 'DISTINCT';
		}

		$where = implode( ' AND ', $this->sql_clauses['where'] );

		$pieces = array( 'fields', 'join', 'where', 'distinct', 'orderby', 'order', 'limits' );

		/**
		 * Filters the terms query SQL clauses.
		 *
		 * @since 3.1.0
		 *
		 * @param string[] $clauses {
		 *     Associative array of the clauses for the query.
		 *
		 *     @type string $fields   The SELECT clause of the query.
		 *     @type string $join     The JOIN clause of the query.
		 *     @type string $where    The WHERE clause of the query.
		 *     @type string $distinct The DISTINCT clause of the query.
		 *     @type string $orderby  The ORDER BY clause of the query.
		 *     @type string $order    The ORDER clause of the query.
		 *     @type string $limits   The LIMIT clause of the query.
		 * }
		 * @param string[] $taxonomies An array of taxonomy names.
		 * @param array    $args       An array of term query arguments.
		 */
		$clauses = apply_filters( 'terms_clauses', compact( $pieces ), $taxonomies, $args );

		$fields   = isset( $clauses['fields'] ) ? $clauses['fields'] : '';
		$join     = isset( $clauses['join'] ) ? $clauses['join'] : '';
		$where    = isset( $clauses['where'] ) ? $clauses['where'] : '';
		$distinct = isset( $clauses['distinct'] ) ? $clauses['distinct'] : '';
		$orderby  = isset( $clauses['orderby'] ) ? $clauses['orderby'] : '';
		$order    = isset( $clauses['order'] ) ? $clauses['order'] : '';
		$limits   = isset( $clauses['limits'] ) ? $clauses['limits'] : '';

		if ( $where ) {
			$where = "WHERE $where";
		}

		$this->sql_clauses['select']  = "SELECT $distinct $fields";
		$this->sql_clauses['from']    = "FROM $wpdb->terms AS t $join";
		$this->sql_clauses['orderby'] = $orderby ? "$orderby $order" : '';
		$this->sql_clauses['limits']  = $limits;

		$this->request = "
			{$this->sql_clauses['select']}
			{$this->sql_clauses['from']}
			{$where}
			{$this->sql_clauses['orderby']}
			{$this->sql_clauses['limits']}
		";

		$this->terms = null;

		/**
		 * Filters the terms array before the query takes place.
		 *
		 * Return a non-null value to bypass WordPress' default term queries.
		 *
		 * @since 5.3.0
		 *
		 * @param array|null    $terms Return an array of term data to short-circuit WP's term query,
		 *                             or null to allow WP queries to run normally.
		 * @param WP_Term_Query $query The WP_Term_Query instance, passed by reference.
		 */
		$this->terms = apply_filters_ref_array( 'terms_pre_query', array( $this->terms, &$this ) );

		if ( null !== $this->terms ) {
			return $this->terms;
		}

		// $args can be anything. Only use the args defined in defaults to compute the key.
		$cache_args = wp_array_slice_assoc( $args, array_keys( $this->query_var_defaults ) );

		unset( $cache_args['update_term_meta_cache'] );

		if ( 'count' !== $_fields && 'all_with_object_id' !== $_fields ) {
			$cache_args['fields'] = 'all';
		}

		$key          = md5( serialize( $cache_args ) . serialize( $taxonomies ) . $this->request );
		$last_changed = wp_cache_get_last_changed( 'terms' );
		$cache_key    = "get_terms:$key:$last_changed";
		$cache        = wp_cache_get( $cache_key, 'terms' );

		if ( false !== $cache ) {
			if ( 'ids' === $_fields ) {
				$cache = array_map( 'intval', $cache );
			} elseif ( 'count' !== $_fields ) {
				if ( ( 'all_with_object_id' === $_fields && ! empty( $args['object_ids'] ) )
					|| ( 'all' === $_fields && $args['pad_counts'] )
				) {
					$term_ids = wp_list_pluck( $cache, 'term_id' );
				} else {
					$term_ids = array_map( 'intval', $cache );
				}

				_prime_term_caches( $term_ids, $args['update_term_meta_cache'] );

				$term_objects = $this->populate_terms( $cache );
				$cache        = $this->format_terms( $term_objects, $_fields );
			}

			$this->terms = $cache;
			return $this->terms;
		}

		if ( 'count' === $_fields ) {
			$count = $wpdb->get_var( $this->request ); // phpcs:ignore WordPress.DB.PreparedSQL.NotPrepared
			wp_cache_set( $cache_key, $count, 'terms' );
			return $count;
		}

		$terms = $wpdb->get_results( $this->request ); // phpcs:ignore WordPress.DB.PreparedSQL.NotPrepared

		if ( empty( $terms ) ) {
			wp_cache_add( $cache_key, array(), 'terms' );
			return array();
		}

		$term_ids = wp_list_pluck( $terms, 'term_id' );
		_prime_term_caches( $term_ids, false );
		$term_objects = $this->populate_terms( $terms );

		if ( $child_of ) {
			foreach ( $taxonomies as $_tax ) {
				$children = _get_term_hierarchy( $_tax );
				if ( ! empty( $children ) ) {
					$term_objects = _get_term_children( $child_of, $term_objects, $_tax );
				}
			}
		}

		// Update term counts to include children.
		if ( $args['pad_counts'] && 'all' === $_fields ) {
			foreach ( $taxonomies as $_tax ) {
				_pad_term_counts( $term_objects, $_tax );
			}
		}

		// Make sure we show empty categories that have children.
		if ( $hierarchical && $args['hide_empty'] && is_array( $term_objects ) ) {
			foreach ( $term_objects as $k => $term ) {
				if ( ! $term->count ) {
					$children = get_term_children( $term->term_id, $term->taxonomy );

					if ( is_array( $children ) ) {
						foreach ( $children as $child_id ) {
							$child = get_term( $child_id, $term->taxonomy );
							if ( $child->count ) {
								continue 2;
							}
						}
					}

					// It really is empty.
					unset( $term_objects[ $k ] );
				}
			}
		}

		// Hierarchical queries are not limited, so 'offset' and 'number' must be handled now.
		if ( $hierarchical && $number && is_array( $term_objects ) ) {
			if ( $offset >= count( $term_objects ) ) {
				$term_objects = array();
			} else {
				$term_objects = array_slice( $term_objects, $offset, $number, true );
			}
		}

		// Prime termmeta cache.
		if ( $args['update_term_meta_cache'] ) {
			$term_ids = wp_list_pluck( $term_objects, 'term_id' );
			update_termmeta_cache( $term_ids );
		}

		if ( 'all_with_object_id' === $_fields && ! empty( $args['object_ids'] ) ) {
			$term_cache = array();
			foreach ( $term_objects as $term ) {
				$object            = new stdClass();
				$object->term_id   = $term->term_id;
				$object->object_id = $term->object_id;
				$term_cache[]      = $object;
			}
		} elseif ( 'all' === $_fields && $args['pad_counts'] ) {
			$term_cache = array();
			foreach ( $term_objects as $term ) {
				$object          = new stdClass();
				$object->term_id = $term->term_id;
				$object->count   = $term->count;
				$term_cache[]    = $object;
			}
		} else {
			$term_cache = wp_list_pluck( $term_objects, 'term_id' );
		}

		wp_cache_add( $cache_key, $term_cache, 'terms' );
		$this->terms = $this->format_terms( $term_objects, $_fields );

		return $this->terms;
	}

	/**
	 * Parse and sanitize 'orderby' keys passed to the term query.
	 *
	 * @since 4.6.0
	 *
	 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
	 *
	 * @param string $orderby_raw Alias for the field to order by.
	 * @return string|false Value to used in the ORDER clause. False otherwise.
	 */
	protected function parse_orderby( $orderby_raw ) {
		$_orderby           = strtolower( $orderby_raw );
		$maybe_orderby_meta = false;

		if ( in_array( $_orderby, array( 'term_id', 'name', 'slug', 'term_group' ), true ) ) {
			$orderby = "t.$_orderby";
		} elseif ( in_array( $_orderby, array( 'count', 'parent', 'taxonomy', 'term_taxonomy_id', 'description' ), true ) ) {
			$orderby = "tt.$_orderby";
		} elseif ( 'term_order' === $_orderby ) {
			$orderby = 'tr.term_order';
		} elseif ( 'include' === $_orderby && ! empty( $this->query_vars['include'] ) ) {
			$include = implode( ',', wp_parse_id_list( $this->query_vars['include'] ) );
			$orderby = "FIELD( t.term_id, $include )";
		} elseif ( 'slug__in' === $_orderby && ! empty( $this->query_vars['slug'] ) && is_array( $this->query_vars['slug'] ) ) {
			$slugs   = implode( "', '", array_map( 'sanitize_title_for_query', $this->query_vars['slug'] ) );
			$orderby = "FIELD( t.slug, '" . $slugs . "')";
		} elseif ( 'none' === $_orderby ) {
			$orderby = '';
		} elseif ( empty( $_orderby ) || 'id' === $_orderby || 'term_id' === $_orderby ) {
			$orderby = 't.term_id';
		} else {
			$orderby = 't.name';

			// This may be a value of orderby related to meta.
			$maybe_orderby_meta = true;
		}

		/**
		 * Filters the ORDERBY clause of the terms query.
		 *
		 * @since 2.8.0
		 *
		 * @param string   $orderby    `ORDERBY` clause of the terms query.
		 * @param array    $args       An array of term query arguments.
		 * @param string[] $taxonomies An array of taxonomy names.
		 */
		$orderby = apply_filters( 'get_terms_orderby', $orderby, $this->query_vars, $this->query_vars['taxonomy'] );

		// Run after the 'get_terms_orderby' filter for backward compatibility.
		if ( $maybe_orderby_meta ) {
			$maybe_orderby_meta = $this->parse_orderby_meta( $_orderby );
			if ( $maybe_orderby_meta ) {
				$orderby = $maybe_orderby_meta;
			}
		}

		return $orderby;
	}

	/**
	 * Format response depending on field requested.
	 *
	 * @since 6.0.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_Term[] $term_objects Array of term objects.
	 * @param string    $_fields      Field to format.
	 *
	 * @return WP_Term[]|int[]|string[] Array of terms / strings / ints depending on field requested.
	 */
	protected function format_terms( $term_objects, $_fields ) {
		$_terms = array();
		if ( 'id=>parent' === $_fields ) {
			foreach ( $term_objects as $term ) {
				$_terms[ $term->term_id ] = $term->parent;
			}
		} elseif ( 'ids' === $_fields ) {
			foreach ( $term_objects as $term ) {
				$_terms[] = (int) $term->term_id;
			}
		} elseif ( 'tt_ids' === $_fields ) {
			foreach ( $term_objects as $term ) {
				$_terms[] = (int) $term->term_taxonomy_id;
			}
		} elseif ( 'names' === $_fields ) {
			foreach ( $term_objects as $term ) {
				$_terms[] = $term->name;
			}
		} elseif ( 'slugs' === $_fields ) {
			foreach ( $term_objects as $term ) {
				$_terms[] = $term->slug;
			}
		} elseif ( 'id=>name' === $_fields ) {
			foreach ( $term_objects as $term ) {
				$_terms[ $term->term_id ] = $term->name;
			}
		} elseif ( 'id=>slug' === $_fields ) {
			foreach ( $term_objects as $term ) {
				$_terms[ $term->term_id ] = $term->slug;
			}
		} elseif ( 'all' === $_fields || 'all_with_object_id' === $_fields ) {
			$_terms = $term_objects;
		}

		return $_terms;
	}

	/**
	 * Generate the ORDER BY clause for an 'orderby' param that is potentially related to a meta query.
	 *
	 * @since 4.6.0
	 *
	 * @param string $orderby_raw Raw 'orderby' value passed to WP_Term_Query.
	 * @return string ORDER BY clause.
	 */
	protected function parse_orderby_meta( $orderby_raw ) {
		$orderby = '';

		// Tell the meta query to generate its SQL, so we have access to table aliases.
		$this->meta_query->get_sql( 'term', 't', 'term_id' );
		$meta_clauses = $this->meta_query->get_clauses();
		if ( ! $meta_clauses || ! $orderby_raw ) {
			return $orderby;
		}

		$allowed_keys       = array();
		$primary_meta_key   = null;
		$primary_meta_query = reset( $meta_clauses );
		if ( ! empty( $primary_meta_query['key'] ) ) {
			$primary_meta_key = $primary_meta_query['key'];
			$allowed_keys[]   = $primary_meta_key;
		}
		$allowed_keys[] = 'meta_value';
		$allowed_keys[] = 'meta_value_num';
		$allowed_keys   = array_merge( $allowed_keys, array_keys( $meta_clauses ) );

		if ( ! in_array( $orderby_raw, $allowed_keys, true ) ) {
			return $orderby;
		}

		switch ( $orderby_raw ) {
			case $primary_meta_key:
			case 'meta_value':
				if ( ! empty( $primary_meta_query['type'] ) ) {
					$orderby = "CAST({$primary_meta_query['alias']}.meta_value AS {$primary_meta_query['cast']})";
				} else {
					$orderby = "{$primary_meta_query['alias']}.meta_value";
				}
				break;

			case 'meta_value_num':
				$orderby = "{$primary_meta_query['alias']}.meta_value+0";
				break;

			default:
				if ( array_key_exists( $orderby_raw, $meta_clauses ) ) {
					// $orderby corresponds to a meta_query clause.
					$meta_clause = $meta_clauses[ $orderby_raw ];
					$orderby     = "CAST({$meta_clause['alias']}.meta_value AS {$meta_clause['cast']})";
				}
				break;
		}

		return $orderby;
	}

	/**
	 * Parse an 'order' query variable and cast it to ASC or DESC as necessary.
	 *
	 * @since 4.6.0
	 *
	 * @param string $order The 'order' query variable.
	 * @return string The sanitized 'order' query variable.
	 */
	protected function parse_order( $order ) {
		if ( ! is_string( $order ) || empty( $order ) ) {
			return 'DESC';
		}

		if ( 'ASC' === strtoupper( $order ) ) {
			return 'ASC';
		} else {
			return 'DESC';
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Used internally to generate a SQL string related to the 'search' parameter.
	 *
	 * @since 4.6.0
	 *
	 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
	 *
	 * @param string $search Search string.
	 * @return string Search SQL.
	 */
	protected function get_search_sql( $search ) {
		global $wpdb;

		$like = '%' . $wpdb->esc_like( $search ) . '%';

		return $wpdb->prepare( '((t.name LIKE %s) OR (t.slug LIKE %s))', $like, $like );
	}

	/**
	 * Creates an array of term objects from an array of term IDs.
	 *
	 * Also discards invalid term objects.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.8
	 *
	 * @param Object[]|int[] $terms List of objects or term ids.
	 * @return WP_Term[] Array of `WP_Term` objects.
	 */
	protected function populate_terms( $terms ) {
		$term_objects = array();
		if ( ! is_array( $terms ) ) {
			return $term_objects;
		}

		foreach ( $terms as $key => $term_data ) {
			if ( is_object( $term_data ) && property_exists( $term_data, 'term_id' ) ) {
				$term = get_term( $term_data->term_id );
				if ( property_exists( $term_data, 'object_id' ) ) {
					$term->object_id = (int) $term_data->object_id;
				}
				if ( property_exists( $term_data, 'count' ) ) {
					$term->count = (int) $term_data->count;
				}
			} else {
				$term = get_term( $term_data );
			}

			if ( $term instanceof WP_Term ) {
				$term_objects[ $key ] = $term;
			}
		}

		return $term_objects;
	}
}

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Introduction to WT&I (WHO)
Sustainability at its finest: For the joint future of people, nature, and animals.
We are a research company specializing in the eco-friendly production of insect-derived protein.
Edible protein can be extracted from insects, which is an eco-friendly and easily renewable nutritious resource, which can be customized for use as raw materials for feed, food, cosmetics, and medicine.
It is possible to enter the global market based on technology that enables mass production systems to be tailored to the world’s diverse environments and situations. [what does this mean?]
WT&I’s core value is to create a renewable system where humans sustainably coexist with nature and animals.
w
World / Worm ?
t
Technology / Together ?
i
Innovation / Ideology ?
Business Area of WT&I (WHAT)
Based on our insect production technology developed over many years, we have standardized the technology of insect breeding and mastered these skills through continuous research and development.
Mass production of high-quality insects in a systematic and clean environment using an automated platform for mass production of insects based on ICT and IOT.
We use insect protein extracts to improve digestibility and absorption to create an allergy-free functional feed and nutritional products.
We are developing diet, patient, exercise, and health functional foods using insect protein extracts. [What does this mean? Does it exist yet or is it in development?]
I’m researching beauty products, hair products, functional cosmetics, medicines, etc.
Technology of WT&I(HOW)
Why insects are gaining global attention (why)
Significantly less waste and waste discharge than general livestock, for improved sustainability and reduced environmental impact
Insects are cold-temperature animals, so they consume energy to maintain body temperature [why does this matter?] Can be raised in small amounts of feed. [Does this mean the require less feed?]
CONTACT US

Contact Us





Headquarters

(55365) 3rd Floor,
TOP B/D, 135, Anjeon-ro,
Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun,
Jeollabuk-do, South korea

Farm

(12802) 82-16 Gwangyeo-ro,
Gonjiam-eup, Gwangju, Gyeonggi-do,
South Korea

Branch

(05808) 7th Floor, Chilbo B/D,
9, Saemal-Ro, 5-Gil, Songpa-Gu,
Seoul, South Korea